A New Trend for Preparating Polymeric Calcium Sulfonates for Metal Working Fluids by Phase Transfer Catalysis. Part I.

Abstract

Calcium sulfonates derived from sulfonation of heavy alkylate and aromatic extract were synthesized and reacted with formalin to produce anionic polymer in the presence of phase transfer catalysts (PTC). These catalysis include: benzyl triethyl ammonium chloride, benzyl triethanol ammonium chloride, p-methyl tolyl triethyl ammonium chloride and p-methyl tolyl triethanol ammonium chloride. These catalysts react at phase boundaries, particularly those between organic and inorganic reagents and enhance rate of reaction. The effect of different structure of PTC on the yield of sulfonation and polymerization were determined. The results confirm that yield of product depend on concentration of PTC and structure of hydrophilic group. Also the behaviour of polymeric sulfonate depends on the structure of micelle and concentration of the active component. Physical adsorption of polymeric surfactant ions at solid-liquid and liquid-air interfaces involve micelle formation through association between hydrocarbon chains of the adsorbed molecules. This new approach is given to the describe effect of PTC on formation of polymer and describe the thermodynamics of micellization. Comparison in standard tests of the performance of the polymeric heavy alkylate sulfonate and polymeric aromatic extract sulfonate were investigated in base oil and discussed according to the critical micelle concentration in oil phase.